n8n – CVE-2025-68613: Critical RCE Vulnerability

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    A critical vulnerability ( CVE-2025-68613 ) has been identified in n8n , the popular workflow automation tool. The flaw lies in the expression evaluation system, where user-supplied expressions can escape the sandbox and access Node.js internals. This leads to arbitrary code execution with a CVSS score of 9.9 (Critical) .      n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance,...

Retrieval Augmented Generation

Mastering RAG: The Future of Fact-Aware AI 

“An AI that thinks like L, but researches like Sherlock.”
– That’s the power of RAG.

What is RAG?

RAG stands for Retrieval-Augmented Generation — an advanced AI technique that combines a retriever (like a search engine) with a generator (like GPT).

Traditional AI only replies based on training. RAG goes further — it retrieves live facts from external documents before generating an answer.

Why RAG Was Introduced

Most LLMs are like students who read thousands of books last year — but can’t learn new things today. RAG fixes this by:

  • Reducing hallucinations (wrong facts)
  • Adding real-time knowledge to AI responses
  • Combining search + generation into one smart process

What RAG Replaces

Before RAG, you needed to:

  • Manually feed facts into prompts
  • Use Google + ChatGPT separately
  • Retrain your models constantly

RAG solves this with one pipeline that searches, reads, and generates together.

RAG Workflow: Step by Step

Let’s say you ask: “What are the risks of cloud storage?”

  1. Input: Your question is received
  2. Embedding: It is converted into numbers that represent meaning
  3. Search: Those numbers are used to search a vector database
  4. Retrieve: The most relevant documents are selected
  5. Generate: The AI reads those and creates a meaningful answer


Key Concepts Made Simple

🔹 Text Embeddings

A way to convert sentences into numbers. Similar meanings get similar numbers. It’s like mapping ideas into a digital space.

🔹 Vector Database

A searchable storage that uses embeddings. It finds the most relevant documents by meaning, not just keywords.

Popular tools: FAISS, Pinecone, Chroma

🔹 Retriever + Generator

The retriever finds the right data. The generator uses it to write a human-like answer. Combined, they become a super-smart assistant.


Where RAG Shines

  • Company-specific AI assistants
  • Chatbots that answer using your documents
  • Research tools with up-to-date knowledge
  • Educational tutors powered by personal notes

Final Thoughts

RAG is the future of intelligent AI. It combines knowledge, research, and writing into one smooth process.

If you're building next-gen AI, don’t just use memory — teach it to read and respond like RAG does.


🔗 Stay Tuned!
Next, I’ll post a full code walkthrough of RAG using LangChain + FAISS + GPT.
Let’s keep learning like ( Death Note ) L and deducing like Sherlock

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n8n – CVE-2025-68613: Critical RCE Vulnerability